This research investigates the status of climate finance and climate actions in Bangladesh. The survey was carried out by using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. A total of 1400 questionnaire survey at household level has been conducted in 12 sub-districts and one city corporation of eight districts from six climate hotspot area of Bangladesh. The sample has been randomly drawn from the second order cluster of villages. Along with the quantitative household survey, the study also conducted interviews with local NGO activist, local knowledgeable member, local elected representative, businessman, government official. Moreover, FGDs also conducted with the person who directly depend on natural resources, person from other occupations (e.g., farmer, service, business). To make the results useful and practical, specific geographical analyses using GIS were also conducted. The population of the six climate hotspot areas of Bangladesh under this study are diversified in terms of age, religion, marital status, education, and ethnicity. The average monthly income of the all the climate hotspots is below 10000 BDT (92USD). The occupation of having own agricultural land is prominent in all climatic hotspots, with varying percentages.
Overall, the analysis presents that government assistance (relief), NGO assistance, and microfinance are the most common sources of financial support across different climatic hotspots. The percentage of receiving financial support as relief/loan/credit from institutional sources ranges from 18.3% to 41.7%, with the highest percentage in the Barind Tract (41.7%). The percentage of receiving support from banks ranges from 4.0% to 13.7%, with the highest percentage in the Barind Tract (13.7%).  Regarding the idea of insurance, the majority of respondents have no idea about insurance except in Urban areas (66.8%). Moreover, no one heard about climate risk insurance across all climatic hotspots except only in Coastal Areas (0.4%). When it comes to willingness to pay for climate insurance, respondents in the Coastal and Urban area showed the highest willingness to pay (53.4% and 40.5%, respectively). It is also revealed that most of the respondents in all regions, except the Hilly Area (46.2%), believed that the government and NGOs should provide climate insurance as subsidy. Furthermore, respondents of all climatic hotspots also agree with climate credit with a minimum interest rate.
Government plays significant roles in providing food support as relief targeting the impact of climate change across all the climatic hotspots, with percentages ranging from 59.2% to 92.6%. Also, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have a substantial presence in the Coastal Area and Haor Basin, with percentages of 71.7% and 52.1% respectively. In terms of adequacy level of food support, the Haor Basin and Riverine Char areas have the highest levels of inadequacy in food support, with 63.5% and 77.8% respectively. However, overall, the majority of areas surveyed are experiencing inadequate levels of food support due to natural hazards. On the other hand, the highest percentage of cash support provided by the government is in the Barind Tract (88.9%), followed by the Coastal Area (78%). It is clear that there is a significant inadequacy in cash support across all climatic hotspots. The riverine char area has the highest percentage of inadequate cash support at 66.7%, with only 9.5% of the need being met adequately. In contrast, the urban area has no surplus and no information on adequate cash support, but a staggering 95.5% of the need is deemed inadequate. This research is expected to formulate a conceptual framework of climate resilient coast through climate finance and climate actions in Bangladesh.
 

climate finance,insurance,resilient,Bangladesh