With the rapid growth of the global population, agricultural and industrial activities have led to a significant increase in the levels of various organic pollutants in water, which has serious impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new materials and technologies for effective detection and removal of pollutants in water has always been the focus of research. Based on this, we explored highly sensitive and rapid analysis methods for pollutants in water based on separation-surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Covalent organic frameworks have great potential as adsorbents due to their tailorable functionality, low density and high porosity. However, fabrications of macroscopic objects are challenging but of great significance to give full play to its chemical functionality and porosity. Therefore, we synthesized a sulfonated COF-based adsorbent, namely covalent organic frameworks/carbon nitride/graphene oxide/ gold nanoparticles aerogel, by hydrothermal method. Firstly, graphene was introduced as a template to form a g-C₃N₄/GO heterojunction. COFs grow in situ along the heterojunction surface, and then Au NPs are further modified by electrostatic interaction. After freeze-drying, an aerogel with ultrathin porous structure was obtained. The aerogel exhibits excellent adsorption performance and can be used to selectively remove positively charged organic pollutants in water. Au NPs can form a “hot spot” region to enable in situ SERS detection of organic pollutants. In addition, the aerogel was used as photocatalytic materials for decomposing organic pollutants to generate nontoxic inorganic small molecules under visible light irradiation, and maintained good adsorption performance and SERS stability in 5 cycles. This method enables rapid removal of organic pollutants in water and highly sensitive sensing, providing an efficient approach for water environmental treatment.
 

pollutants; efficient adsorption; degradation; SERS analysis